Morella cerifera

southern bayberry, waxmyrtle, wax myrtle, candleberry
Family

Myricaceae

Leaf Arrangement

alternate

Leaf Attachment

petiolate

Leaf Margin

entire

Leaf Type

simple

Leaf Shape

oblanceolate

Growth Form

shrub, tree

Flower Color

brown, green, yellow

Flower Month

March - April

Height (meters)

0.9 - 4.0

Milky Sap

No

Armed/Unarmed

Unarmed

Origin

native

Lifespan

perennial

Growing Season

Warm season

Leaf Retention

Evergreen


Wetland Class

FACW

Wetland Coefficient of Conservatism

6

Prairie Coefficient of Conservatism

3

Field Characters

Leaves widest near the tip and teeth near tip. Orange resinous glands or dots on top and bottom of leaf. Leaves have a spicy smell when crushed.

Animal Use

The following information for the family Myricaceae: Animals that eat the fruit: Eastern dowitcher, King rail, Yellow rail, Ruffed grouse, Bobwhite quail, Wild turkey, Bluebird, Catbird, Carolina chickadee, Chestnut-backed chickadee, Common crow, Fish crow, Yellow-shafted flicker, Boat-tailed grackle, Meadowlark, Mockingbird, Phoebe, Brown thrasher, Hermit thrush, Tufted titmouse, White-eyed vireo, Myrtle warbler, Red-bellied woodpecker, Red-cockaded woodpecker, Carolina wren, Gray fox. Animals that eat the plant: White-tailed deer (Martin et al. 1951).

Natural History

The Acadians of south Louisiana call this shrub "cirier," which is the traditional French name for any plant that produces wax. Wax-myrtle is an important transitional shrub and native invader of prairie communities especially where low, wet forests grade gadually into prairie (Marks and Harcombe 1981). It grows along streams, lakes, and in wet grasslands and woodlands of Louisiana and east Texas. It ranges from Florida, west to Texas, and north to New Jersey.

Habitat

Moist forest; marshes; fresh to slightly brackish stream banks; swamps. Also used as an ornamental.

Plant Uses

Berries can be boiled down to use as candle wax.